Play free essay sample

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Analysis of A Korean War Captive in Japan, 1597-1600 essay

Analysis of A Korean War Captive in Japan, 1597-1600 essay Analysis of A Korean War Captive in Japan, 1597-1600 essay Analysis of A Korean War Captive in Japan, 1597-1600 essayThe Korean War at the end of the 16th century was the manifestation of Japanese aggression and ideology of the territorial expansion. The war was the manifestation of imperialist ambitions of Japan. On the other hand, the Korean War was not a mere invasion of one country by another. Instead, the war was the clash of two different civilizations. On the one hand, there was Confucianist Korea oriented on the internal development, while, on the other hand, there was Japan oriented on the territorial expansion and creation of the huge empire with Japan dominating in Eastern Asia. However, at the moment of the war, the scope of conflict was unclear and it is only due to such works as A Korean War Captive in Japan, 1597-1600 by Kang Hang. Kang Hang became one of the first authors, who has managed to uncover Japan for Korean people and for Korean monarch above all. At the same time, this book is the insider story told by the outsider because the author was a captive in the war, who was always devoted to his country and monarch but was forced to stay in captivity in Japan, where he learned cultural norms and traditions of Japanese, their lifestyle, ideology and philosophy.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Kang Hang has experienced the war in Cholla Province and experienced the horrors of Japanese occupation. The invasion of his country by foreigners, who disregarded the local culture, norms and traditions, has had a considerable impact on the personality of the author and his perception of the invasion, Korean and Japanese culture, which he has mirrored in his book. The Korean War was the clash of totally different forces, countries and cultures. Korea was traditionally oriented on the internal development and was never concerned with invasions. Instead, Japan was traditionally oriented on external invasions and such a trend was determined by scarcity of natural resources that forced Japanese to expand their empire to get wider opportunities to get access to new resources and maintain the fast progress of their country. At the same time, the development of the military conflict between Japan and Korea had a considerable impact on the population of both countries and relations between them. Japan attempted to dominate, while Korea attempted to preserve its independence. In such a context, the invasion of Korea by Japan was a terrible experience for Koreans because they suffered the inhuman attitude to Koreans from the part of Japanese. Japanese treated Koreans as being absolutely inferior to Japanese. This is why the war involved numerous casualties, especially from the part of Koreans, whom Japanese viewed as second-class citizens and, therefore, Japanese did not care much about the life of Korean people. Kang Hang witnessed the horrors of the invasion and suffered from the extermination of his compatriots and sufferings of his people.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Moreover, Japanese invasion resulted in the captivity of the author. Therefore, the invasion of Korea was not only the offense against Kang Hang’s country but also the offense against him in person (Yasunori 2). The capture of the author has had a considerable impact on his personal life and his perception of the surrounding world, which he mirrored in his book. The captivity was terrible for Kang Hang as a Korean because he was aware of the fact that Japanese will never treat him as equal. Moreover, he was also aware of the fact that the captivity would ruin his traditional lifestyle and deprive him of an opportunity to stay at home, which was the main value for him as a Korean. This experience has had a considerable impact on his book, where he clearly reveals his position as a captive of the invader, who treated him as a second-class citizen and whose life was not worth anything. He conveys clearly his fears about his future, but, at the same time, he preserves his spiritu ality and system of values, which helps him to view his position philosophically.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Furthermore, Kang Hang lived as the captive in Japan but, at the same time, he remained Korean, with extensive knowledge of Chinese culture. Moreover, he was a devoted Confucianist and he continued to promote his ideas in Japan, even while he was a captive. As a result, he gained respect of Japanese that helped him to develop close interpersonal relations with Japanese to learn their culture, values, views and beliefs. Kang Hang preserved his traditional beliefs and values. He even tried to expand his influence on his captors promoting his Confucian ideas. Naturally, his captivity experience has influenced his perception of himself, his country as well as Japan and Japanese consistently and the book reveals how his views evolved in the course of time. The difference is particularly striking at the beginning of the book and at the end, when he starts the book as a Korean, who hates invaders and completes the book as a man, who has deserved the respect of his captors but who is still trying to do his best for his country, even if it is just a book. However, this book became the true revelation, which helped Korean monarch to understand better the enemy, their goals, intentions, philosophy and lifestyle. The information Kang Hang supplied the monarch with in his book became very important for the struggle of Koreans against Japanese invasion.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Nevertheless, Kang Hang always felt being a stranger in Japanese society. He had different values, beliefs and philosophy and he could not adapt Japanese system of values and philosophy. Therefore, his assimilation was virtually impossible. On the other hand, he has managed to understand better the traditional Japanese system of values and culture. In such a way, he remained an outsider in Japanese society but, on the other hand, he has managed to understand Japanese culture, system of values and philosophy better (Kim 92). In such a way, the position of Kang Hang remained quite controversial but he has managed to view Japanese culture from inside, although he remained a stranger and outsider. Paradoxically, the outsider has managed to have a look on Japan from within. In this regard, his critical thinking skills have played probably the determinant part.   At the same time, Kang Hang was flexible enough in his self-perception that he could view Japanese culture from a different perspective. He has managed to set himself free of many biases and stereotypes Koreans had in regard to Japanese. Instead, he observed their life, traditions, cultural norms and beliefs, their socioeconomic and political system, their military and made his notes, which laid the foundation to his book. In such a way, he has managed to collect the valuable information about the country, which has ruined his life and made him a captive, who has lost his home and his country, but who has remained devoted to his people for the rest of his life.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Kang Hang describes Japanese from different standpoints because his perception of Japanese changes and evolves in the course of time. At first, he views them as brutal invaders, who attempt to invade his country and his home. At the beginning of his book, it is possible to trace the impact of traditional Korean views on Japanese as aggressive and dangerous enemies (Turnbull 132). These views prevail at the beginning of the book but steadily the author’s narrative becomes more thoughtful and less emotional. His initial hatred is replaced by interest and transforms into the quest, where the author of the book wants to find out what Japan is and what Japanese people actually are. He has managed to cope with his biases and stereotypes and observe Japanese in their real life environment. These observations helped him to change his views on Japanese and, mo re important, helped him to make other Koreans to view Japanese from a different standpoint.Steadily, he expands his view of Japanese and views them as representatives of the totally different culture compared to that of his own. To put it more precisely, he comes to the point, when he realizes that his Confucianist background with his focus on himself, his home and his country, confronts the different culture and philosophy of Japanese people, who viewed the invasion and expansion of their empire as prior to their personal life, well-being and prosperity of their home or family. The author uncovers the striking difference between Korean and Japanese cultures due to his experience of being a captive of Japanese and the time he has spent in Japan became the valuable time, when he has being learning Japanese as a   nation but not as a hated enemy.Nevertheless, Kang Hang basically tries to explore his captors from the standpoint of a representative of Confucianist philosophy. Remarka bly he does not view them exactly from the standpoint of a captive. He attempts to take his position from a philosophic ground. He has managed to evaluate critically his observations and reject his biases and stereotypes concerning Japanese, which he has learned during his life in Korea. He has also managed to reject his personal negative attitude to Japanese, who actually ruined his life by capturing him and moving to Japan. Instead, he makes objective judgments on the ground of his experience and observations, which he has made in the course of his life in Japan as a captive.At the same time, Kang Hang always remains loyal to his monarch. In this regard, his attempts to view Japanese from the broader, Confucianist perspective are just attempts to get more information about Japanese and to understand them better. While working on his book, he serves rather as a spy of his monarch than a mere writer. At any rate, he manifests his loyalty to the monarch. If he were biased, he could n ever make objective judgments about Japanese and uncover what Japanese actually were. Instead, he would just give the description of Japanese, Koreans and Korean monarch wanted him to make. Instead, he gives a relatively objective description of Japan and its people on the ground of his objective judgments because he views them philosophically.Kang Hang provides the broad scope of information about Japan, starting from the regular life of Japanese people to their political system, ideology, values, beliefs and philosophy. The author also attempts to give insight into the military structure of Japanese army but his focus is broader and expands his scope. He serves as the spy, who focuses on fundamental concepts of Japanese society and culture. His book helps to understand Japanese culture and uncover the essence of Japanese culture and nation. The detailed description of Japan provided by Kang Hang became an important source of information about Japan for Korean monarch and Korean pe ople.Thus, Kang Hang became a captive of Japanese but, instead of describing them as monsters slaughtering Koreans, he has managed to conduct the in-depth study of Japan and Japanese people to create the book that uncovers the truth about the life, ideology, value and culture of Japan and different aspects of life of Japanese. This is why his book is a valuable source of information about the 16th century Japan.

Brands Hop on the Handbag Wagon Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Brands Hop on the Handbag Wagon - Essay Example The price points for contemporary brands allow their customer to make purchases more often and attractive to a wider market segment in the process. Contemporary brands also have the advantage of tailoring their products towards customer preferences unlike designer brands (Sidell, 2015). This assists the contemporary brands to consolidate their existing clients while at the same time drawing new and varied ones. A disadvantage faced by contemporary brands is the fierce competition they face from established designer brands which have had more experience within the market in relation to brand recognition and consumer loyalty. It is difficult for contemporary brands to launch new products and gain a huge market share immediately. If I was a designer for a contemporary brand, I would focus on consumer research, aesthetics, and quality of my products. Coupled with the price positioning offered by the contemporary market segment, higher aesthetics and quality would ensure that I get to grasp the attention of the market. Consumers would get to appreciate the quality and aesthetics of the bag in relation to designer brands. Consumer research would enable the designer to create a product that is in connection with the customer tastes and preferences. Sidell, M. W. (2015, March 17). Brands Hop on the Handbag Wagon. Retrieved March 17, 2015, from The New School: A University:

The genetic and environmental origins of learning abilities and Essay

The genetic and environmental origins of learning abilities and disabilities in the early school years - Essay Example Examining each of these factors allows educators to approach learning disabilities from different angles. There is a connection between speech difficulties and reading difficulties (DeThorne, et al., 2006; Spinath, et al., 2004; Feagans and Appelbaum, 1986). In early elementary years, students sound out words; if they cannot use verbal language well, reading comprehension suffers. Recognition of letter names is an indicator of future reading ability, along with the child’s ability to write his or her name (Share, 1984). Three levels of language use work in young children: syntactic (the general construction of written or verbal language); semantic (the meanings of words and their relationships which arrive at sense from the written or verbal); and discursive (how syntax and semantics go together to form a narrative) (Feagans and Appelbaum, 1986). Narrative is the transmission of information using words and sentences, and may be the most important (and most difficult) item to measure. Identifying children who are not developing normal speech patterns is the first step to seeing a problem with language. Once the child is identified, it is helpful to know if the problem is genetic or if environmental factors are at work. Researchers look at large populations of similar children and gather information through assessment mechanisms. In the articles examined for this essay, different assessment mechanisms are used by researchers. Share, et al. (1984) point out that assessments are often poorly validated or poorly designed, and the time it takes to administer long questionnaires reduces the size of the population measured. Teacher assessments might seem like a good way to find out about learning disabilities, but teachers possess varying skill levels in recognizing learning problems (Kenny and Chekaluk, 1993). Parent questionnaires must be worded carefully, and can also be highly inaccurate (Share, et al., 1984; DeThorne, et al., 2006). Standardized

Economic Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Economic - Coursework Example Primarily they concentrate on the production of cigarettes however they also produce cigarillos, roll your own or pipe tobacco and smokeless snus. The production of tobacco results in a lot of unintended outcomes of production also known as externalities. A lot of these resulting externalities are negative. According to N. Gregory Mankiw- A, a negative externality is an action of a product on consumers due to which negative side effects on a third party result. British American Tobacco produces several negative externalities. Some of these are significant damage to the environment, reduction in economic productivity, pollution, a contribution to world hunger and a exorbitant health care costs that society and not the tobacco industry pays as a result of their products (Babere K. C.) Tobacco leafs that are plucked at tobacco farms, that British American Tobacco owns throughout the world, basically constitutes to the first step in the production process. A huge amount of manual labor i s required for this process. Tobacco farms in Milawi, where British American Tobacco dominates the market alone has over 78,000 laborers most of which are children. This constitutes to a negative externality for BAT in terms of child labor. As an effect of handling this tobacco leafs these children, according to The Learning Economist, suffer from symptoms of green tobacco sickness or nicotine poisoning. Deforestation resulting from clearing space for tobacco plantations is another negative externality. Also water used in growing the tobacco has a high level of pesticide applied to it which affects water supplies adversely contributing to a adverse environment implication. Tobacco is stored in giant silos after it is cut before starting the process of manufacturing. These silos occupy a large amount of space. This in terms results in a negative externality as they replace prime land from food production and hence contributing to world hunger. John Madley notes that tobaccos minor us e of land in Hong Kong alone control denies 10 to 12 million people of food leaving the government to bear the cost of food imports. When processed tobacco lea arrives at factories it is blended with other ingredients such as flavorings or expanded tobacco. The blended tobacco is treated with the right amount of steam and water to make it supple before it can be cut into cigarettes (Fondez, Web). Although much of the cigarette making is now undertaken by machines as plants are heading towards being more automated however if laborers are over exposed to this part of the production process it can result in symptoms such as severe headaches, abdominal pain, coughing and breathlessness contributing to additional health care costs. The excess use of machinery also leads to the negative externality in shape of excessive electricity used for the purpose of running the manufacturing silos. Once produced these packing machines wrap these cigarettes after which they are moved to a holding sil o’s before being shipped off to the distribution channels. Wood in shape of paper is also a natural resource which is depleted due to the cigarette manufacturing process with one unit requiring 4 miles of paper being consumed in an hour for rolling and packaging cigarettes. Furthermore the chemical wastes dumped into the soil which damages the fertility levels of the dumping area (Ygoy, Web). According to N. G. Mankiw-B, the government’s primary response to externalities can be categorized into two ways; the first of these aims to

Building Therapeutics Relationships in Forensic Psychology

Building Therapeutics Relationships in Forensic Psychology What interpersonal qualities should a forensic psychologist have that help build therapeutic relationships? Forensic psychology is a branch of criminological psychology; it refers to the knowledge of the understanding, prediction and nature of crime or criminal behaviour (Bull, Davies Westcott, 2003). What defines this psychological practice from others, is that the material produced is usually used within a court of law and during group or individual therapy sessions, with courts commissioning psychologists to create reports indicating the fitness of a defendant on trial, with reference to pre-existing areas of research, such as Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (Blackburn, 1996). With recent growth in popularity, due to exposure in certain mainstream television shows and films, such as ‘Silence of the Lambs’ and ‘Cracker’, there has been a recent increase in the amount of individuals looking towards a career within forensic psychology (Buskist, Carlson Martin, 2000). The focus of this essay will be to explore the qualities needed from forensic psychologists and h ow these may have an impact on the relationships created with individuals they help. To understand this question in its basic terms, we will first try to understand a brief history of forensics as a psychological practice, what individuals are likely to expect within this practice, what is skills and requirements are asked of an individual in this trade, what may occur in certain situations wherein these interpersonal qualities are not met and finally the ethical and legal considerations we must make. The history of forensics within a psychological practice may assist in understanding how particular traits have become necessary when treating individuals. One of the first recorded cases of a psychologist giving a professional opinion within a court trial would be that of Albert Schrenk-Notzing in Germany, 1886. Later Hugo Munstering, who gave psychological insight into two murder trials, published some of the earliest forensic psychological resources in 1908 (Haward, 1979; Colman, 1995). In recent years, some state institutions have tried to prohibit females from working within all male prisons in America, as they argue that it is too dangerous for females (Arrigo Shipley, 2005), meaning that although there have been major developments for equality of sexes, there is still some prejudice of females being the weaker gender, both physically and psychologically, within this line of work. This shows us that forensic psychology is a fairly recent phenomenon, with establishments, such a s the British Psychological Association (BPS) recently creating a division devoted to criminal psychology (Buskist, Carlson Martin, 2000). This may mean, that although we have some understanding of the professionalism needed within legal and psychological situations, we may not be fully aware of specific requirements needed of individuals due to the fact that forensic psychology is still in its adolescent stages of development. Some questions posed to forensic psychologists help us gain an insight into what qualities are needed to give an accurate report and to fully express themselves within legal situations. These include, and are not limited to: if they are fit to stand trial, if the testimony is genuine, if the individual has any learning difficulties and if they are malingering (Colman, 1995). This would mean that not only are forensic psychologists required to have a respectful understanding of all parties involved, it is also key that they show qualities of insight, to understand the strengths and limitations of the individual and the tests conducted. Other qualities include an empathetic personality to any personality or learning disorders, tolerance of individuals with uncooperative personalities and an unprejudiced outwardly view of an individual, regardless of their past. To fully understand what is required from a forensic psychologist, it is important to understand this occupation in comparison with others which it is usually mistaken for, such as forensic psychiatry and clinical psychology, as many of the boundaries between these careers are blurred. Clinical psychologists primarily assess the psychological distress of an individual, and through already established methods, try to promote psychological well-being. Forensic psychiatrists have little or no training in professionally administering psychological tests which assess personality and intelligence; they will usually provide evidence based on a clinical interview, which are sometimes regarded more as an opinion than objective data (Buskist, Carlson Martin, 2000). This would mean that individuals within forensic psychology will not only have a broad understanding of particular tests used, but also their limitations and benefits and an open-minded personality on how this may help of the rehab ilitation and support of convicted criminals. Many of the duties involved in being a forensic psychologist require a different set of skills in many situations. Clinical assessments involve interviewing individuals and performing particular psychological test to assess an individual. As previously noted, this requires a broad range of knowledge and understanding of the tests, along with their strengths and weaknesses. The formulation of cases involves the hypothesising of causes, precipitants, and key influences on an individual’s interpersonal and behavioural problems (Eells, 2007); this means that not only is certain degree of open-mindedness needed to understand the individual needs and requirements in certain situations, a forensic psychologist is also required to be supportive and empathetic in nature, whist maintaining a professional attitude of the boundaries put in place by this career. Another duty involves the risk assessment of criminals; this requires a working knowledge of how to predict and manage individual s who seem to pose a risk of committing a criminal act (Appelbaum, Grisso, Monahan, Mulvey, Robbins, Steadman, 2000). This means that a personal understanding of an individual is required during therapeutic sessions, therefore a forensic psychologist should remain professional, whilst being reflective and insightful to build a rapport with those they are trying to help. Undergraduates wishing to undergo this career are notified of the amount of work they will need to do to be able to fulfil this aspiration. A first in a degree supported by the BPS is one of the primary requirement, with few post-graduate training courses taking on those with a 2:1. Secondly, a masters accredited by the BPS in forensic psychology is also necessary, followed by two years of supervised practice in a forensic psychology Stage 2 program, also accredited by the BPS. Alternatively, some universities offer a doctorate programme in forensic psychology, which combine the masters and stage 2 course. Finally, a registration with the Health and Care Professionals Council (HCPC) is also required. Just the training for this career path shows us that this is not a job to be considered lightly; due to the amount of time and funding it takes to undergo this path, those applying will need excellent time management skills, along with a desire to fully commit themselves to this lifestyl e; both of these qualities are also used later when they are in a career, meaning that throughout training, you are prepared for some of the challenges we will discuss later. Many individuals which a forensic psychologist encounter, tests both the strengths and limitations of the individual; whilst some therapeutic sessions may conducted in a straight forward manner, others will challenge the way we conduct ourselves, meaning that to fully understand the individual, we must first understand our own limits. There is a wide array of personalities and people which a forensic psychiatrist may treat, for example, adolescent offenders, adult female and male offenders, offenders who are disabled, have behavioural/psychological disorders or learning difficulties and those convicted of criminal acts which may afflict an emotional response from a psychologist (such as arson, stalking and sex offending). Interestingly, there has been a dramatic increase of women sentenced to immediate imprisonment within the UK, as the average female inmate population grew over 173% between 1992 and 2002, whilst male inmate population increased by only 50% (Home Office, 2005). This shows us that as society is changing, we too need to adapt our abilities and skills to treat a new wave of criminal behaviour, as some may be unable to cope or unsure of how to deal with the demands placed on us by dramatic increases such as this. In some instances in which individuals are not prepared for the psychological demands of this career, or do not have the suited interpersonal qualities to facilitate a healthy therapeutic relationship, situations may result negatively for one or both of the parties involved. In June 2009, Margret Burton was murdered by her late patient and partner Jason Hawkins after previously being advised that he should not have been released. This may have been due to a number of factors, as Burton had moved to another country, away from support groups, such as family and friends. Another reason may have been that there was an inadequate system put in place by the institution she was working at to deal with these particular stresses that would have otherwise been noticed. This means that not only is it of upmost importance to understand your individual weaknesses within this industry, it is just as important to understand how to cope and ask for assistance. Another example of an incident regardin g the safety of a forensic psychologist would be that of the murder of Kathryn Faughey, an individual who was murdered by David Tarloff in 2008. Initially, one of her co-workers, Kent Schinbach, was supposed to be targeted, due his diagnosis of schizophrenia in 1991, which in turn led to Tarloff becoming institutionalised. Figures indicate that violence against employees within the mental health sector is not an uncommon occurrence, with over 40% of colleagues reporting a non-fatal violent crime being committed against them between the years 1993 and 1999, and is thought to increase within recent years (Dubin Ning, 2008). This has led to forensic psychologists to understand and undertake safety measures as a part of daily clinical practice, as well as understanding the steps needed to prevent and confront violence within the possible therapy sessions; it also means that in order to deal with these common occurrences, individuals who work within this sector should have a tolerant pe rsonality and professional personality, whilst remaining empathetic and supportive towards their clients. There are many ethical considerations put in place by courts to ensure that confidentiality, consent and other legal obligations to maintain the safety of the individual are upheld within all situations; this requires a particular amount of trust, respect and professionalism from the both the psychologist and law at all times. The legal understanding of the standards of ethics within particular situations is key in undergoing this career, as a majority of the work involves adherence to a specific ethics code put in place by the courts, therefore any psychologist should meet the standard of general practice within both a psychological and legal setting (American Psychological Association, 1991). It may be a surprise to some that informed consent is not legal requirement, as in situations wherein it is ordered by the court it may be overlooked; this means that although an individual may initially reject a psychiatric interview or certain psychometric tests, if the court requests it, fo r example, for the inclusion in a report for use during trail, the right to withdraw will then be withheld (Kalmbach Lyons, 2006). In some cases, the right to withdraw is also held by the examiner, should they feel discomfort, moral obligation to stop or for any reason they feel the individual should not undergo the testing, however a reason is almost always required within this situation. In other scenarios, in which a court feels as if objectivity is being compromised (such as an examiner producing prejudice results or giving a misleading interpretation of an event) will cause the court to reject the statements given and demand that they withdraw from a trial (Bonnie, 1990; Brodsky, 1990). Psychologists who trying to build relationships with those that they are treating would need a high level of understanding of the ethical and legal requirements within the workplace, whilst maintaining an unbiased attitude towards all those involve, as certain personal emotions may result in a loss of objectivity. To conclude, the work and development in the field of forensic psychology has shown great importance, due to the contributions it has made within legal and social settings. The collective work of forensic psychologists has inspired the entertainment industry to create fictitious scenarios, some of which based on real events, which in turn has inspired a new generation of individuals to undergo a career in forensic psychology. With the rise of criminal and violent behaviour within today’s society, there is a welcomed need for these inspired individuals to mould what has already been created and adjust it to the individual and society’s ever changing and complex nature. As noted, a career within this community is not be undertaken without some understanding into the possible risks and hazards involved, such as the likelihood of psychological and physical harm to the individual. This means that those considering a career must first understand their own weaknesses, as shoul d they present themselves during this period of work, it could be detrimental to themselves and those they are treating. The ability to ensure an individual feels comfortable during a personal situation, such as therapy, is arguably one of the most important skills to possess; not only are forensic psychologists required to maintain this trusting and empathetic persona during these sessions, it is of upmost importance that they also understand that a professional, resilient and respectful nature is key, as a lack of these may have detrimental effects on the patient and psychologist alike. Many institutions within the UK have support systems put in place, such as staff supervision, for those at risk or in training which allow individuals to reflect on themselves, and to understand how they may have a major impact on an individual’s wellbeing. References American Psychological Association. Committee on Ethical Guidelines for Forensic Psychologists.(1991). Specialty guidelines for forensic psychologists. Law and Human Behavior, 15, 655-665. Appelbaum, P.S., Grisso, T., Monahan, J., Mulvey, E.P., Robbins, P.C., Steadman, H.J. (2000). Developing a clinically useful actuarial tool for assessing violence risk. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 176(4), 312-319. Arrigo, B. A., Shipley, S. L. (2005). Introduction to Forensic Psychology: Issues and controversies in law, law enforcement and corrections. Blackburn, R. (1996). What is forensic psychology? Legal and Criminological Psychology, 1(1), 3-16. Bonnie, R. J. (1990). Grounds for professional abstention in capital cases. Law and Hu-man Behavior, 14, 99-104. Brodsky, S. L. (1990). Professional ethics and professional morality in the assessment of competence for execution: A response to Bonnie. Buskist, W., Carlson, N., Martin, N. (2000). Psychology: The Science of Human Behaviour . Essex, England: Pearson Education Ltd. Davies, G. M., Bull, R Westcott, H. L. (Eds.). (2003). Childrens testimony: A handbook of psychological research and forensic practice (Vol. 45). John Wiley Sons. Colman, A.M. (1995). Testifying in Court as an Expert Witness. The British Psychological Society. Dubin W.R, Ning A. Violence toward mental health professionals. In: Simon RI, Tardiff K, eds. (2008). Textbook of Violence Assessment and Management. Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing. Eells, T.D. (2007). Handbook of Psychotherapy Case Formulation (2nd edition). New york: Guilford Press. Haward, L.R.C. (1979). The psychologist as expert witness. In D.P. Farrington., K. Hawkins S.M.A Lloyd-Bostock (eds), psychology, law and legal processes. London: Macmillan. Home Office. (2003). Statistics on Women and the Criminal Justice System, Section 95 Report, London: Home Office. (2005), Statistics on Women and the Criminal Justice System, Section 95 Report, London: Home Office. Kalmbach, K. C., Lyons, P. M. (2006). Ethical issues in conducting forensic evaluations. Applied Psychology in Criminal Justice, 2(3), 261-288.

Things They Carried Essay: Strength in The Things They Carried

Strength in The Things They Carried  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Everybody has to deal with adversity at some point in their lives. The adversity that they go through varies from person to person. For First Lieutenant Jimmy Cross, he had to make it through the Vietnam War alive. In the short story, "The Things They Carried," where Cross draws his strength from is somewhat unclear. He seems strong at the beginning of the story, but then again, he also seems to be gaining strength towards the end of the story. This paper shows two different points of view. It discusses whether Jimmy Cross is a stronger person at the beginning of the story or at the end of the story. One opinion is that First Lieutenant Jimmy Cross is stronger before he burns the pictures of Martha. His strength comes from his connections to the outside world. Martha is his link to life away from the war. This is why it is important that "Martha never mentioned the war, except to say, Jimmy, take care of yourself. She wasn't involved" (O'Brien 403-404). She symbolizes all that he left behind, and all that he hopes to someday return to: innocence, comfort, love, and hope. These hopes and dreams are the things that keep him sane; they keep him more human and less of a war machine. He shows his strength by attaching himself to these things and by keeping himself partly detached from the violence surrounding him. He has the amazing ability to admit to himself that, "he was just a kid at war, in love. He was twenty-two years old. He couldn't help it" (397). By having the strength to see this reality, he fights against war's power to consume a person's whole identity. However, by deciding that, "henceforth, when he thought about Martha, it would be only to think that she belonged... ...do, to a man who now realizes his job, and will make damn sure to get it done right. Both of the points of view are valid arguments. Both are well thought out and have good evidence to back them up. So which one is the right one? Well, that's the great thing about short stories like "The Things They Carried," they are open to interpretation. The reader is the one to decide what it means to them. The point of this paper was to present two different arguments from two different readers. These points of view were both able to answer the question, was Jimmy Cross stronger at the beginning of the story or at the end of the story, in their own way. Work Cited O'Brien, Tim. "The Things They Carried." Literature and Its Writers: An Introduction to Fiction, Poetry, and Drama. 2nd ed. Ed. Ann Charters and Samuel Charters. Boston: Bedford, 2001. Pg. 392-405.